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Geometry optimization for multi-inlet vortex photoreactor for CO2 reduction
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Valdés, J.

; Domínguez-Juárez, J. L.

; Nava, R.

; Cuán, A.

; Cortes-Romero, C. M.

Revista mexicana de física

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Abr 2022, Volume 68 Nº 2 elocation e020601

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Process optimization of multiphase chemical and/or photochemical reactor means a challenge not only at laboratory scale but also while scaling-up is intended towards industrial applications. Using computational tools, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics, is essential to assess the transport limitations of the heterogeneous process to verify the kinetic regime while the reaction and the reactor engineering are studied. Computational Fluid Dynamics, together with Genetic Algorithms, have been currently applied to verify fluid behavior and turbulence. The latter device has been self-designed and is planned to be constructed for CO2 reduction. The results of the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations are presented and discussed to optimize the operation of a multi-inlet vortex photoreactor. By considering the catalytic particle features, the residence time distribution in the multi-inlet photoreactor has been verified and optimized.

https://doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.68.020601

Focused nutrition during oestrus synchronization in Pelibuey ewes with different body conditions
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Hernández-Marín, J.A.

; Pérez-Hernández, P.

; Cortez-Romero, C.

; Pro-Martínez, A.

; Gallegos-Sánchez, J.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2022, Volume 52 Nº 4 Páginas 492 - 497

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian follicular activity, ovulation percentage, and body weight change in response to focused nutrition during synchronization of oestrus with an intravaginal device (CIDR®) (9 days) in Pelibuey ewes with high and low body condition. Seventy-two non-pregnant ewes without offspring were randomly distributed to one of four treatments, namely T1: (n = 18) ewes without focused nutrition and low body condition; T2: (n = 18) ewes without focused nutrition and high body condition; T3: (n = 18) ewes with focused nutrition and low body condition; and T4: (n = 18) ewes with focused nutrition and high body condition. While the CIDR device was in place, the ewes with focused nutrition received a supplement of 1.5 kg ewe/day, which contained 2.9 MCal metabolizable energy, 16% crude protein, 88.5% dry matter, 11.8% crude fibre, and 6.7% of ash. The concentration of progesterone (P4) was measured to determine ovulation percentage. The follicular population was quantified (2-3 mm, 4-5 mm, and >6 mm in diameter). The number of follicles between 2-3 mm and 4-5 mm in diameter was similar among treatments. The number of follicles >6 mm in diameter was higher in T4 ewes (2.2 ± 0.2) compared with T1, T2, and T3. The response to oestrus, the onset of oestrus, and the ovulation percentage were similar among treatments. Focused nutrition increased the number of ovarian follicles >6 mm in diameter in ewes with high body condition.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.09

Influence of the excitation frequency content on the efficiency of a tuned liquid column damper
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Espinoza, G.

; Romero, C.

; Benedetti, F.

Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures

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2021, Volume 18 Nº 7 elocation e404

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The current study addresses the influence of the excitation frequency content on the efficiency of a tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) to control the displacement response in structures subjected to seismic excitations. A time-domain stochastic stationary analysis is performed, and an equivalent statistical linearization for the TLCD is obtained. The results show that the TLCD is more efficient in structures subjected to broadband processes. In narrowband processes, the maximum performance of the TLCD occurs when the linear equivalent period of the system TLCD-structure tunes the TLCD period, and the frequency of the structure matches the predominant frequency of the input motion. Results derived from this analysis are validated through two time-history seismic analyses.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78256321

Economic valuation of the eco-systemic benefits derived from the environmental asset lake Laguna Santa Elena, through the multi-criteria analysis
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Romero, C.

; Arancibia-Avila, P.

; Améstica-Rivas, L.

; Toledo-Montiel, F.

; Flores-Morales, G.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Set 2020, Volume 80 Nº 3 Páginas 557 - 564

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A Laguna Santa Elena, um corpo de água doce localizado no centro-sul do Chile, é um ativo ambiental usado como recurso hídrico pelos setores agrícola e turístico e é o habitat de uma ampla variedade de avifauna endêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi atribuir um valor monetário a esse corpo lacustre, utilizando a metodologia da AMUVAM (Análise Multicritério de Valores Ambientais Ativos). As informações foram coletadas por meio da aplicação de pesquisas a um painel de especialistas envolvidos no uso do recurso ambiental. O resultado obtido com o método AMUVAM corresponde a US$ 17.780.686, que representam um valor estimado do valor econômico total (VT) do ativo ambiental. Este estudo, pioneiro na região, apoiará a tomada de decisões, permitindo um gerenciamento adequado desse recurso hídrico crítico.

Abstract Lake Laguna Santa Elena, a freshwater body, located in mid-south of Chile, is an environmental asset used as a water resource by the agricultural and touristic sector and is the habitat for a wide variety of endemic avifauna. The objective of this study was to assign a monetary value to this lacustrine body, using the methodology of AMUVAM (Multicriteria Analysis of Environmental Active Values). The information was collected through the application of surveys to a panel of experts involved in the use of the environmental resource. The result obtained with the AMUVAM method corresponds to the US $ 17,780,686, a figure that represents an estimated value of the TEV (Total Economic Value) of the environmental asset. This study, a pioneer in the Region, will support decision making, allowing an adequate management of this critical water resource.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.216218 792 downloads

Propuesta de indicadores socioculturales de sustentabilidad aplicables a productores caprinos del noroeste cordobés, Córdoba, Argentina
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Pen, C

; Brouard Uriburu, M

; Villar, M

; Rodríguez Maiztegui, M

; Acuña, N

; Romero, C

; Durando, P

Agrociencia (Uruguay)

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Dez 2019, Volume 23 Nº 2 Páginas 174 - 184

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: En este trabajo se aplicaron indicadores socioculturales de sustentabilidad a sistemas productivos dedicados a la cría de ganado caprino de los departamentos de Cruz del Eje y Río Seco (provincia de Córdoba, Argentina). Dichos indicadores (establecidos para sistemas lecheros bovinos y adaptados a los sistemas pecuarios caprinos) fueron los siguientes: A-Participación General: nivel de participación en espacios colectivos generales; B-Participación Productiva: gestión conjunta de bienes; C-Formación: capacitación productiva y no productiva en los últimos tres años; D-Calidad de Vida Subjetiva: aceptabilidad del sistema productivo como medio de vida; E-Calidad de Vida Estructural: vivienda, locomoción, servicios básicos y salud; F-Continuidad: edad del responsable del establecimiento. A fin de caracterizar el nivel de sustentabilidad sociocultural de los capricultores, se realizaron entrevistas (n = 41) utilizando dichos indicadores. A partir de la información recabada, se calculó el índice de sustentabilidad sociocultural para cada productor. Esto permitió clasificar los establecimientos productivos en tres niveles de sustentabilidad: alta, media o baja. Por medio de análisis estadístico multivariado se determinó que los indicadores Participación General, Participación Productiva, Formación, Calidad de Vida Subjetiva y Continuidad se correlacionaron positivamente y explicaron la sustentabilidad elevada. Mientras que el indicador Calidad de Vida Estructural se correlacionó con la baja sustentabilidad de los sistemas productivos. En conclusión, los indicadores e índices socioculturales aplicados resultaron adecuados para caracterizar el nivel de sustentabilidad de los sistemas productivos dedicados a la capricultura en los departamentos del noroeste cordobés.

Summary: In this paper, sociocultural indicators of sustainability were applied to small goat breeder’s productive systems of Cruz del Eje and Rio Seco departments (Córdoba province, Argentina). Such indicators (established for dairy cattle systems and adapted to goat raising systems) were: A- General Participation: level of participation in collective spaces. B- Productive Participation: joint management of goods. C-Training: productive and non-productive training in the last three years. D-Subjective Life Quality: acceptability of the production system as a way of life. E- Structural Life Quality: living place, transport, basic and health services. F- Continuity: age of the person in charge of the establishment. To characterize the level of sociocultural sustainability of goat farmers, interviews were performed (n=41), using such indicators. The sociocultural sustainability index was calculated for each producer. Such index enabled the classification of the productive establishments in three levels of sustainability: high, medium or low. The multivariate statistical analysis allowed to state that General Participation, Productive Participation, Training, Subjective Life Quality, and Continuity were positively correlated, and also explained the high level of sustainability. The indicator Structural Life Quality was correlated with the low sustainability of the productive system. In conclusion, the selected sociocultural indicators and indices resulted adequate to characterize the sustainability level of the productive systems dedicated to goat production in northwestern Córdoba.

https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.23.94 845 downloads

EFFECTS OF SIZE AND SAMPLING GRID ON THE QUALITY OF APPARENT SOIL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MAPS
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Oldoni, Henrique

; Costa, Bruno R. S.

; Rocha Junior, Romero C.

; Rabello, Ladislau M.

; Bassoi, Luís H.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Set 2019, Volume 39 Nº spe Páginas 1 - 12

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is an attribute commonly used for the characterization of the spatial variability of soil, but its determination by handheld sensors consumes considerable time and labor. The reduction in the number of sampling points allows minimize them but can result in increased uncertainty of interpolated maps. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify the best spacing and number of ECa measurements, to guarantee the quality of maps generated in three vineyards. The ECa values were obtained using a handheld sensor in different sampling grids. The data were submitted to descriptive statistical and geostatistical analyses. The relative deviation and Kappa coefficient of agreement were used to assess the similarity of generated maps. The reduction in the number of points and increase in the size of the sampling grid reduced the quality of maps and this reduction was greater when the spacing increased in the direction of the terrain slope. A minimum limit of 100 sampling points should be considered for the sampling planning to generate ECa spatial distribution maps, with a more conservative approach when regarding the increase in spacing in the direction of the terrain slope.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39nep1-12/2019 690 downloads

DELIMITATION OF HOMOGENEOUS ZONES IN VINEYARDS USING GEOSTATISTICS AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT VEGETATION INDICES
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Costa, Bruno R. S.

; Oldoni, Henrique

; Rocha Junior, Romero C.

; Bassoi, Luís H.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Set 2019, Volume 39 Nº spe Páginas 13 - 22

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Vegetation indices (VIs) are quantitative measures used to describe the distribution and spatial variability of the vegetation cover of natural or cultivated areas. The aim of this study was to delimit homogeneous zones (HZs) of different VIs using geostatistics and multivariate analysis in order to identify vegetation patterns in Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards. The evaluation was performed in two vineyards in the municipality of Espírito Santo do Pinhal in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Reflectance (ρ) was measured at three wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum (670, 730, and 780 nm) at canopy height in georeferenced points along planting rows using the Crop Circle ACS-430 active sensor. Nine VIs were calculated based on the ratios between the ρ values. Geostatistical data analysis allowed the spatial prediction of VIs by ordinary kriging interpolation. Principal component analysis and fuzzy k-means clustering were applied for HZs delimitation and the optimal number of zones was defined according to cluster validity functions. Despite the variations of the VIs spatial distribution patterns, the multivariate analysis resulted in a representative categorization of the grapevine vegetative vigor and delimitation of HZs for this characteristic. This was validated according to the observed significant differences between VIs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39nep13-22/2019 915 downloads

Crecimiento y comportamiento reproductivo de la gallina criolla de huevos con cáscara verde de la provincia de Chota, Cajamarca
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Paredes A, Manuel

; Romero C, Alcira

; Torres R, Magaly

; Vallejos F, Luis

; Mantilla G, José

Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú

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Abr 2019, Volume 30 Nº 2 Páginas 733 - 744

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of the Creole egg hen of green shell eggs of the province of Chota, Cajamarca (Peru). Five hundred eggs were collected and artificially incubated to determine their hatchability. In the resulting chicks, the growth in confinement was evaluated for 16 weeks. Then, the birds were mated (5 females and 1 male) and the production and weight of eggs of six biotypes and the hatchability were determined under natural incubation. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the growth and size of the six biotypes evaluated. The birds initiated the oviposition between 17 and 19 weeks of age, with periods of posture of seven weeks interrupted by a broody period that could last up to three weeks. The hatchability was influenced by the conditions and types of incubation.

El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar el crecimiento y comportamiento reproductivo de la gallina criolla de huevo con cáscara verde procedente de la provincia de Chota, Cajamarca (Perú). Se colectaron 500 huevos y se incubaron artificialmente para determinar su incubabilidad. En los pollos resultantes se evaluó el crecimiento en confinamiento durante 16 semanas. Luego, las aves fueron apareadas (5 hembras y 1 macho) y se determinó la producción y peso del huevo de seis biotipos e incubabilidad bajo incubación natural. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en el crecimiento y tamaño de los seis biotipos evaluados. La gallina inició la ovoposición entre 17 y 19 semanas de edad, con periodos de postura de siete semanas interrumpidos por una etapa de cloquera que puede durar hasta tres semanas. La incubabilidad se vio influenciada por las condiciones y tipos de incubación.

https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v30i2.16070

Portación de StaphylococcusAureus en manipuladores de alimentos de servicios gastronómicos de Asunción, Paraguay (2017)
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Salina, M

; Scholz, L

; Servián, N

; Romero, M

; Samudio, T

; Ruiz, V

; Rojas, W

; Riquelme, F

; Riera, H

; Rodríguez, D

; Serrano, J

; Rolón, S

; Romero, C

; Saldívar, F

; Salvaré, P

; Samaniego, G

; Segovia, G

; Rivas, E

; Sisa, M

; Sotomayor, M

; Canese, J

; Ramos, P

Revista de salud publica del Paraguay

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Dez 2018, Volume 8 Nº 2 Páginas 28 - 33

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Staphylococcus aureu sis a frequent etiologic agent of food poisoning and is associated with various foods. Objective: To describe the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus in foodhandlers of restaurants in Asunción during 2017. Methodology: An observational, prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on foodhandlers in restaurants in Asuncion during the months of May to June 2017. Three nasal swabs were made to each of the 30 foodhandlers to determine if the carriage was intermittent, permanent or occasional. At thesame time, surveyswerecarriedoutwheredemographic variables weremeasured. Results: The prevalence of carrying Staphylococcus aureus was 33.3% (10), being 40% (4) sporadic and intermittent and 20% (2) permanent. Regarding the demographic characteristics of the manipulators, 56.66% (17) were male, were single 43.33% (13) and 50% (15) had complete secondary education. The averageage of 29 of the manipulators was 39.5 years with rangor between 18 and 85 years. 23.33% (7) used gloves when handlingfood. In addition, it was observed that 26.66% (8) used caps. It was noted that 30% (9) of theres pondents did not have clean nails during handling.

RESUMEN Introducción: El Staphylococcus aureus constituye un agente etiológico frecuente de intoxicaciones alimentarias y se encuentra asociado a diversos alimentos. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de portación de Staphylococcus aureus en manipuladores de alimentos de restaurantes de Asunción durante el 2017. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal a manipuladores de alimentos de restaurantes de Asunción durante los meses de mayo a junio del 2017. Se realizaron tres hisopados nasales a cada uno de los 30 manipuladores de alimentos para determinar si la portación era intermitente, permanente u ocasional. Al mismo tiempo fueron realizadas encuestas donde se midieron variables demográficas. Resultados: La prevalencia de portación de Staphylococcus aureus fue del 33,3 % (10), siendo el 40% (4) esporádica e intermitente y el 20% (2) permanente. En cuanto a las características demográficas de los manipuladores,el 56,66% (17) fueron del sexo masculino, eran solteros 43,33% (13) y el 50% (15) contaban con estudios secundarios completos. El promedio de edad de 29 de los manipuladores fue de 39,5 años con un rango comprendido entre 18 y 85 años. El 23,33% (7) utilizaban guantes a la hora de manipular los alimentos. Además, se pudo observar que el 26,66% (8) utilizaba gorros. Llamó la atención que el 30% (9) de los encuestados no presentaban uñas limpias durante la manipulación.

https://doi.org/10.18004/rspp.2018.diciembre.28-33 711 downloads

10.

Identifying anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in horses of Mexico
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Heredia, R.

; Romero, C.

; Mendoza, G.D.

; Ponce, M.

; Carpio, J.C.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Jan 2018, Volume 70 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 5

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Tanto a presença de cães com dono quanto de cães vadios permitem a disseminação de Toxocara, e o parasita está presente no solo, na água e nos alimentos. Animais, incluindo cavalos, apresentam-se como hospedeiros definitivos e paratênicos. No México, o consumo de carne de cavalo é comum, e Toxocara é um parasita zoonótico. ELISA foi escolhido para análise, já que hospedeiros paratênicos não jogam ovos de Toxocara em suas fezes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de anticorpos anti-Toxocara por ELISA, em cavalos de trabalho e em cavalos para o consumo humano. As amostras de sangue foram retiradas de 188 cavalos: 94 cavalos de trabalho e 94 cavalos de trabalho do matadouro. Soros dos animais foram analisados por ELISA e 44,6% dos equinos apresentaram anticorpos anti-Toxocara. Cavalos adultos para abate têm 61,7% mais elevada a presença de anticorpos anti-Toxocara (P = 0,006). Anticorpos IgG Toxocara foram encontrados em cavalos, confirmando cavalos paratênicos como hospedeiros e possíveis fontes de infecção para outros animais e pessoas.

ABSTRACT Both the presence of owned dogs and stray dogs allows the spread of Toxocara, a parasite whose eggs can be found in soil, water and food. Animals, including horses, serve as definitive and paratenic hosts. In México, where consumption of horse meat is common, Toxocara is a zoonotic parasite. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in work horses and horses intended for human consumption by ELISA. ELISA was chosen for analysis as paratenic hosts do not shed Toxocara eggs in their feces. Blood samples were collected from a total of 188 horses, 94 of which were work horses and 94 horses from the slaughter house. Samples were analyzed by ELISA, and the general equine seroprevalence was found to be 44.6% (n = 188). Adult horses for slaughter had a 61.7% greater presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies (p = 0.006). Toxocara IgG antibodies were found in horses, confirming that horses are paratenic hosts and possible sources of infection for other animals and people.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9407 1073 downloads

11.

External stimuli help restore post-partum ovarian activity in Pelibuey sheep
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Fraire-Cordero, S.

; Salazar-Ortiz, J.

; Cortez-Romero, C.

; Pérez-Hernández, P.

; Herrera-Corredor, C.A.

; Gallegos-Sánchez, J.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2018, Volume 48 Nº 2 Páginas 337 - 343

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Post-partum anestrus is a problem on farms, and its duration depends on the frequency and intensity of suckling which affects reproduction and production efficiency to become a determining economic factor. The aim of this study was to determine the post-partum reproductive response in ewe to a "male effect" with an ovulation induction protocol of five days using progesterone and the application of a metabolic restorative (MR; Metabolase ®). One hundred and twenty females were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: T1: Continuous suckling (CS; n = 29), T2: CS + MR (n = 29), T3: CS + Male Effect (ME; n = 32), and T4: CS + MR + ME. The percentage of females in ovulation, weight changes among females and lambs, the onset of estrus, calving, fecundity, and prolificacy were also determined. The ovulation percentage was higher in CS + ME and CS + MR + ME (75.0 and 73.3%) than in the other treatments. Weight changes in females and lambs were different among periods. The onset of estrus was similar for CS and CS + MR (25.9 ± 1.9 and 25.7 ± 0.7 h, respectively). The calving percentage was higher for CS + MR (86.2%) than other treatments. Male presence positively affected the postpartum cyclic ovarian re-establishment and the metabolic restorative could even improve the fertility of hair ewes in continuous suckling with similar hormone protocol.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v48i2.14 456 downloads

12.

"Male effect" and "temporary weaning" in synchronization of post-partum ovarian activity in Pelibuey ewes
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Hernández-Marín, J.A.

; Cortez-Romero, C.

; Herrera-Corredor, C.A.

; Pérez-Hernández, P.

; Pro-Martínez, A.

; Gallegos-Sánchez, J.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2018, Volume 48 Nº 4 Páginas 743 - 750

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

To evaluate the response of the "male effect" and "temporary weaning" on the synchronization of postpartum ovarian activity in Pelibuey ewes, an experiment was carried out using 78 Pelibuey ewes with suckling lambs. The ewes were separated from their offspring for 48 hours and randomly assigned to one of four treatments derived from the arrangement of two factors, "male effect" and "temporary weaning", each at two levels. Treatments were: T1 (n = 20) control ewes, without "male effect" and without "temporary weaning"); T2 (n = 19) ewes without "male effect" and with "temporary weaning"; T3 (n = 20) ewes with "male effect" and without "temporary weaning"; and T4 (n = 19), ewes with "male effect" and with "temporary weaning". The response to oestrus, return to oestrus, gestation rate and lambing rate were analysed using logistic regression. The onset of oestrus was analysed using survival curves. No significant differences were found for lambing rate and prolificacy among treatments. "Temporary weaning" (T2) and "male effect" (T3) did not influence the response to oestrus, rate and duration of return to oestrus, or gestation rate and fertility, and was similar to the control group (T1). The interaction of "male effect" with "temporary weaning" (T4) increased the response to oestrus, reduced the rate and duration of return to oestrus, and the gestation rate, but increased fertility. Synchronizing post-partum ovarian activity with "male effect" and "temporary weaning" reduces the onset of oestrus and the rate of return to oestrus, but increases the response to oestrus and fecundity in Pelibuey ewes.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v48i4.16 354 downloads

13.

Comportamiento tribológico de un acero inoxidable austenítico en tribómetro bola sobre anillo
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Romero C., J. E.

Ingenius. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología

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Dez 2017, Nº 18 Páginas 64 - 72

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The research conducted for the characterization of the friction and wear behavior of an austenitic stainless steel is shown. Tests were performed on a ball-onring tribometer with an experimental design based on a Taguchi array. The evaluated material was AISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 52100 steel was used as a counterpart. The parameters (and their levels) selected in order to study the tribological response were: slip velocity (0.9 m/s and 2 m/s), normal load (9 N, 19 N and 29 N) and sliding distance (500 m, 1000 m and 2000 m). For the studied conditions, the coefficient of friction resulted in average values between 0.3227 and 0.9674, where the normal load was the most influential parameter. The average values of the coefficient of wear were obtained in the range from 0.000860 to 0.003191. The factor that most affects the coefficient of wear is the slip distance. The wear regime was identified as moderate to severe. The wear mechanism for AISI 304 under the studied conditions was adhesion.

Resumen Se muestra la investigación realizada para la caracterización del comportamiento ante la fricción y desgaste de un acero inoxidable austenítico. Se realizaron ensayos en un tribómetro tipo bola sobre anillo con un diseño experimental basado en un arreglo de Taguchi. El material evaluado fue el acero inoxidable AISI 304 y como contraparte se usó el acero AISI 52100. A fin de estudiar la respuesta tribológica, los parámetros (y sus niveles) seleccionados fueron: velocidad de deslizamiento (0,9 m/s y 2 m/s), carga normal (9 N, 19 N y 29 N) y distancias de deslizamiento (500 m, 1000 m y 2000 m). Para las condiciones estudiadas, el coeficiente de fricción resultó en valores promedio entre 0,3227 a 0,9674, donde la carga normal fue el parámetro más influyente. Se obtuvieron valores del coeficiente de desgaste promedio en el intervalo desde 0,000860 a 0,003191. El factor que más afecta el coeficiente de desgaste es la distancia de deslizamiento. El régimen de desgaste se identificó como moderado a severo. El mecanismo de desgaste para el AISI 304 en las condiciones estudiadas fue de adhesión.

https://doi.org/10.17163/ings.n18.2017.08 44 downloads

14.

AFLP polymorphism in restored provenances of Ceiba aesculifolia within an urban heat island
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Olvera-Mendoza, EI

; Lara-Cabrera, SI

; Sáenz-Romero, C

; Lindig-Cisneros, R

Phyton (Buenos Aires)

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Dez 2016, Volume 85 Nº 2 Páginas 169 - 175

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

To quantify the effect on genetic diversity of restoring tree populations in an area under the influence of an urban heat island, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 72 Ceiba aesculifolia individuals, from a restoration experiment established from 2170 to 2260 m a.s.l. Reintroduced individuals were compared with the provenance from which the seeds were obtained, and two external provenances, for a total of 123 individuals. Samples were analyzed with three AFLP primer combinations. Polymorphisms of 38.4 to 62.5% were obtained. Genetic diversity estimated with the Simpson index ranged from 0.14 to 0.2. The provenances in the restoration site had higher diversity than the provenance that originated the seeds. Groups formed with provenances with similar genetic diversity (no statistical differences) also shared similar Bayesian mixture proportions. Having higher genetic diversity in restored provenances than in the provenance that originated the seeds can be favorable as the conditions in the site change in the future due to the expected increase in the urban heat island effect as the nearby city expands.

Para cuantificar el efecto en la diversidad genética de restaurar poblaciones arbóreas en un área bajo la influencia de una isla de calor urbano, evaluamos la diversidad genética de 72 individuos de Ceiba aesculifolia en un área de restauración establecida entre los 2170 a los 2260 m s.n.m. Los individuos reintroducidos se compararon con la procedencia de la que se obtuvieron las semillas y dos procedencias externas, alcanzando un total de 123 individuos. Las muestras se analizaron con tres combinaciones de oligonucleótidos para generar AFLP. Se obtuvieron valores de polimorfismo entre 38,4 y 62,5%. La diversidad genética, evaluada con el índice de Simpson, varió entre 0,14 y 0,20. Las procedencias del sitio restaurado tuvieron diversidad mayor que la procedencia de la que se obtuvieron las semillas. Los grupos obtenidos de procedencias con diversidad genética similar (no estadísticamente significativas), también compartieron proporciones similares de las mezclas Bayesianas. Contar con una mayor diversidad genética en las procedencias del sitio de restauración que en la procedencia que originó las semillas puede ser favorable en la medida que las condiciones del sitio cambian en el futuro, en consecuencia del incremento en los efectos de la isla de calor urbano conforme aumenta la ciudad cercana al sitio.

240 downloads

15.

Caracterización morfológica y composición química de chayotas (Sechium edule) cultivadas en las Islas Canarias (España)
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Castro Rodríguez, JM

; Toledo Díaz, AM

; Rodríguez Galdón, B

; Perdomo Molina, A

; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, EM

; Díaz Romero, C

Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición

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Dez 2015, Volume 65 Nº 4 Páginas 243 - 253

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Se analizaron características morfológicas relacionadas con el fruto, espinas, endocarpio y semilla, así como parámetros fisicoquímicos y nutricionales (humedad, proteínas, ºBrix, fibra alimentaria, cenizas, pH, acidez, ácido ascórbico, compuestos fenólicos totales, minerales: Na, K, Ca y Mg y elementos traza: Fe, Cu, Zn y Mn), en muestras de chayota (Sechium edule) pertenecientes a 7 entradas cultivadas en las islas de Tenerife y La Palma (España) y cosechadas durante el período comprendido entre junio y noviembre de 2005. Se observaron diferencias importantes en la composición química y características morfológicas entre las diferentes entradas de chayota estudiadas. La entrada 4 destacó por su alto contenido en minerales y sólidos solubles totales (ºBrix) y bajo contenido en agua, mientras que la entrada 1 presentó altos contenidos en Na, cenizas y ácido ascórbico. El contenido de humedad y de ácido ascórbico varió en función de la parte del fruto analizada, sin embargo, los contenidos de compuestos fenólicos y de cenizas no fueron dependientes de las partes. La fecha de muestreo mostró una gran influencia sobre la composición química, observándose las mayores diferencias en las muestras cosechadas en el mes otoñal de noviembre respecto a las restantes cosechadas en meses estivales. El análisis discriminante permitió diferenciar las muestras de chayota en función de la entrada y fecha de muestreo, por lo que es una herramienta muy útil para la caracterización de muestras.

Morphological and chemical composition characterization of chayotas (Sechium edule) grown in the Canary Islands (Spain). Morphological characteristics related to the fruit, thorns, endocarp and seed, as well as physicochemical and nutritional parameters (moisture, protein, ºBrix, fiber, ash, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, minerals: Na, K, Ca and Mg, and trace elements: Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) were analyzed in samples of chayote (Sechium edule) belonging to 7 accessions grown on the islands of Tenerife and La Palma (Spain) and harvested during the period between June and November 2005. Significant differences in chemical composition and morphology between the chayote accessions studied were observed. The accession 4 features a high mineral content and soluble solids (Brix degree) and low water content, while the accession 1 had high contents of Na, ash and ascorbic acid. The moisture content and ascorbic acid varied depending on the portion of the fruit analyzed, however, the contents of phenolic compounds and ash were not affected. The sampling date showed a great influence on the chemical composition, the greatest differences observed in the samples harvested in the month of November autumn, with respect to the remaining summer months. Discriminant analysis allowed differentiate samples chayota according to the accession and sampling date, so it is a very useful tool for the characterization of these samples.

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